Boikot Produk Yahudi

Senarai Produk Boikot Israel/USA

Diambil dari blog Ini Jalanku - Ust Abdul Halim Abdullah

Berikut adalah senarai Syarikat dan produk mereka serta sumbangan mereka ke rejim Zionis dan Amerika:

Syarikat : Phillip Morris

Produk : Rokok dan Makanan Jenama : Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges, Winston, Gold Coast, Merit, Parliament, Alpine, Basic, Cambridge, Bristol, Bucks, Chesterfield, Collector’s Choice, Commander, English Ovals, Lark, L&M, Players and Saratoga, C? e d’Or, Philadelphia, Polo, Milka, Malabar, Marabou, Prince Fakta : 12 % keuntungannya adalah untuk Israel, Setiap hari umat Islam membelanjakan USD 800 juta untuk membeli rokok mereka, keuntungan purata 10% atau USD 80 juta sehari. JADI USD 9.6 JUTA DUIT ORANG ISLAM PERGI KE ISRAEL SETIAP HARI

Syarikat : Coca-Cola – McDonalds – Burger King – Pizza Hut ?KFC

Produk : Minuman Jenama : Light Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Canada Dry, Crush, Schweppes, Minute Maid, Nestea, Dr. Pepper Fakta : Sejak 1966 Coca Cola meyokong penuh negara Israel. Coca Cola telah menerima anugerah tertinggi dari kerajaan Israel kerana lebih 30 tahun menyokong mereka serta membantah boikot Liga Arab terhadap Israel.

Syarikat : Nestle

Jenama : Kit Kat, Perrier, Libby, Nescafe, Maggie, Buitoni, Nestea, Freskies, Vittel, Pure Life, Nido, Smarties, Lion, Polo, After Eight, Coffee Mate, Nesquik, Aero, Quality Street, Felix (cat food), Crosse & Blackwell, Milkmaid, Carnation, Shreddies, Baci Baby Ruth, Butterfinger, Milkybar, Frutips Fakta : Syarikat Swiss ini dimilikki 50.1% oleh syarikat Israel, Osem Investments. Pada tahun 2000 mengumumkan untuk melabur berjuta-juta dolar di Israel dalam R & D. Pada tahun Peter Brabeck-Letmathe bagi pihak Nestle menerima Anugerah Jubli daripada Perdana Menteri Netanyahu.

Syarikat : Disney

Produk : Disneyland, Euro-Disney, Jenama Disney, Kartun, Filem Fakta : Pameran Walt Disney Millennium di Epcot Centre Florida menonjolkan Jerusalem sebagai ibu negara Israel. Kos US 8 juta untuk pameran ini dibiayai US 1.8 juta oleh Israel untuk menentukan isi kandungan pameran. Ini adalah kempen Israel menggunakan Disneyland untuk menguasai Jerusalem sepenuhnya.

Syarikat : Delta Galil Industries Ltd. Produk : Pasaraya, Pakaian dan Kasut Jenama : JC Penney , Carrefour Nike, Reebok, Converse, Calvin Klein, Gap, Boss, Ralph Lauren, Banana Republic, Bauer, Wrangler, Dim, Old Navy Dockers, Celio, J. Crew , Caterpillar, Lou Riders, Pryca Fakta : Syarikat kain terbesar Israel. Pengasasnya Dov Lautman adalah kenalan rapat Presiden Israel ketika itu Ehud Barak.

Syarikat : Nokia

Produk : Telekomunikasi, telefon bimbit dan elektronik Fakta : Nokia melabur begitu banyak di Israel dan memanggilnya PROJEK ISRAEL.

Syarikat : Danone

Produk : Makanan, minuman dan biskut Produk : Evian, Alpina, LU Biscuits, Tuc, Volvic, Strauss dairy, Jacob biscuits, Danone yogart, HP foods, LEA & PERRINS, Sant? Galbani, Danao, Danette Fakta : Pada tahun 1998 Franck Riboud bagi pihak Danone menerima Anugerah Jubli daripada Perdana Menteri Israel, Netanyahu. Anugerah tertinggi negara Israel untuk syarikat yang memperkukuhkan ekonomi Israel. Institut Danone, satu institut Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan telah di tubuhkan di Israel pada tahun
1998.

Syarikat : Johnson & Johnson

Produk : Kesihatan. Fakta : Pada tahun 1998 Roger S. Fineon bagi pihak Johnson & Johnson, menerima Anugerah Jubli daripada Perdana Menteri Israel Netanyahu.

Syarikat : Revlon

Produk : Kosmetik Fakta : Jutawan Ronald Perelman yang memilikki Revlaon adalah seorang Zionis. Penyokong kuat Zionis Merupakan pemegang amanah Pusat Simon Wiesenthal Center yang menggunakan Holocaust untuk mendapatkan sokongan Zionisma dan Israel.

Syarikat : AOL Time Warner

Produk : Media Elektronik dan Cetak Jenama : ICQ, Warner Bros, CNN, AOL, Times magazine Fakta : AOL memperuntukkan 30% daripada portfolio keuntungan di Israel. Pada tahun 1998 AOL menerima anugerah Jubli daripada Perdana Menteri Netanyahu.

Syarikat : IBM

Fakta : Mempunyai 1700 pekerja di Israel. Satu dari 3 syarikat yang disanjung semasa Jamuan Makan Malam Liga Persahabatan Amerika-Israel Untuk Demokrasi pada 25 Jun 2001 bersama Ariel Sharon.

Syarikat : L’Oreal

Jenama : Giorgio Armani, Lancome, Biotherm, Garnier, Helena Rubinstein, Donna Karan, Vichy, Cacharel, Maybelline, Redken, La roche-posay, Carson Fakta : Setelah disaman US 1.4 juta kerana menulis surat pada Liga Arab bahawa mereka menutup kilang di Israel, mereka kemudian malbur dengan begitu banyak di Israel. Kongres Yahudi Amerika amat berpuas hati dengan L? real dan menganggap mereka sahabat akrab.

Syarikat : Intel

Produk : Perkakasan komputer Fakta : Intel adalah penyokong kuat Israel. Pusat pembangunan pertama di luar Amerika didirikan di Haifa pada 1974.

Syarikat : Estee Laude

Jenama : Clinique, Tommy Hilfiger, DKNY, Aramis, Origins, Ko Malone, La Mer, Prescriptives, Bobbi Brown Essentials, Aveda, Jane, MAC Cosmetics, Kate Spade, Fragrances, Stila Fakta : Pengerusinya, Ronald Lauder, pernah menjadi pengerusi Persidangan Utama Kesatuan Amerika Yahudi. Juga adalah presiden Tabung Kebangsaan Yahudi yang fungsinya ialah untuk menghalalkan pengambilan tanah rakyat Palestin oleh Israel.

Syarikat : News Corporation

Produk : 20th Century Fox, Star, SKY, New York Post, National Geographic Channel, News of the World, The Times, The Sun, Nursery World, The weekly Standard, Daily Telegraph, Harper Collins Fakta : Murdoch’s New Corp. melabur dengan begitu banyak di Israel.

Syarikat : Kimberly-Clark

Produk : Huggies, Kotex, Kleenex, Scott, ANDREX products Freedom, Scottex Fakta : Pada tahun 1998 Robert P. Van der Merwe , Pengerusi Kimberly Clark , menerima Anugerah Jubli daripada Perdana Menteri Israel Netanyahu, kerana sumbangan mereka dalam membangunkan ekonomi Israel.

LAIN-LAIN SYARIKAT

Syarikat : Procter and Gamble

Produk : Kesihatan, sabun, syampu Jenama : Head & Shoulders, Pert Plus, Pentain, Always, Tide, Crest, Pampers, Lux, Palmolive, Camay, Zest, Ariel, Fairy, Signal 2, close up, colgate, Monsieur Propre, Oil of Olaz, Petrol Hahn, Pringles, Sanicroix, Tampax, Tempo, Vicks, Vizir, Yes Swiffer, Ace, Action 500, Bonux, Mr Clean

MARS INC – Bounty, M&M’s, Mars, Snickers, Twix, Uncle Ben’s, Whiskas, Pedigree, Balisto, Brebbies

HASBRO – Parker, Pokemon, Star Wars, Episode I, Monopoly, Brothers, MB, Playskool, Tiger

GILETTE – Braun, Duracell, Gillette, Oral-B, Paper-Mate, Parker, Waterman

COLGATE PALMOLIVE – Ajax, Palmolive, Tahiti, Axion, Bingo, Fabe, Felire, La croix, Mennen, Murphy, Paic

Haagen, Dazs Ben & Jerry, CAMPBELL, Kellogg, Canderel, Levis, Raid, Heinz.

PUASA SELEPAS SETENGAH SYAABAN.

PUASA SELEPAS SETENGAH SYAABAN.

dari http://abuumair1.wordpress.com/2008/08/05/puasa-selepas-setengah-syaaban/

Pendapat Ulama
Di dalam masalah ini terdapat tiga pendapat:

a. Pendapat Pertama
Harus berpuasa selepas setengah Syaaban. Ini adalah pendapat jumhur ulama di kalangan mazhab Hanafi, mazhab Maliki , dan mazhab Hanbali .

b. Pendapat Kedua
Makruh berpuasa selepas setengah Syaaban bagi mereka yang tiada kelaziman puasa sebagai adat. Adapun bagi yang ada kelaziman puasa, hukumnya tidak makruh. Ini adalah pandangan mazhab Syafie

c. Pendapat Ketiga
Haram berpuasa selepas setengah Syaaban. Ini pendapat Ibnu Hazm Al-Zahiri.

Dalil

• Dalil Pendapat Pertama
Jumhur ulama berhujah dengan hadis di dalam Sahih Bukhari dan Sahih Muslim daripada Abu Hurairah r.a. bahawa Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam bersabda:
لا يتقدّمنّ أحدكم رمضان بصوم يوم أو يومين، إلا أن يكون رجل كان يصوم صومه فليصم ذلك اليوم
Maksudnya : “Janganlah salah seorang kamu mendahului Ramadhan dengan berpuasa sehari atau dua hari. Kecuali seseorang yang berpuasa dengan satu puasa (adat kebiasaannya) maka berpuasalah pada hari itu”

Penjelasan dalil
Hadis tersebut melarang mendahului Ramadhan dengan puasa sehari atau dua hari. Ini bererti boleh mendahuluinya jika lebih daripada itu. Iaitu selepas setengah Syaaban.

• Dalil Pendapat Kedua
Mazhab Syafie pula berhujah dengan hadis riwayat Abu Daud, Tirmizi dan Ibnu Majah daripada Abu Hurairah r.a. bahawa Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam bersabda:
إذا انتصف شعبان فلا تصوموا
Maksudnya: “Apabila tiba setengah Syaaban, maka janganlah berpuasa”

• Dalil Pendapat Ketiga
Ibnu Hazm berhujah dengan hadis yang sama, iaitu larangan daripada puasa selepas setengah Syaaban.

Pendapat Yang Rajih

- Tidak ada larangan berpuasa selepas setengah Syaaban, kecuali dalam hadis Abu hurairah, “Apabila tiba setengah Syaaban, maka janganlah berpuasa”. Maka perlu kepada penyelidikan tentang kesahihan atau kedhaifannya.

- Hadis ini diperselisihkan pada kedudukannya. Ada yang menilainya sahih seperti: Imam Tirmizi, Al-Hakim, Ibn Hazm, Al-Tahawi, Ibn Abdil Barr dan lain-lain.

- Dan ada yang menilainya dhaif seperti Abdul Rahman bin Mahdi, Imam Ahmad, Abu Zur’ah, Al-Atsram, Abu Daud, Baihaqi, Nasai, dan lain-lain.

- Pendapat yang lebih sahih tentang hadis ini -Wallahu A’lam- ialah pendapat yang mendhoifkannya, kerana:

1) Mereka yang menilainya dhaif, lebih pakar dan mahir dalam ilmu hadis dan kecacatan hadis. Kata Ibn Rajab: “Hadis ini dinilai sahih oleh Tirmizi, Ibn Hibban, Hakim, Tahawi, dan Ibn Abdil Bar. Dan ia dipertikaikan oleh ulama yang lebih hebat daripada mereka”.

2) Hadis ini menyalahi beberapa fakta lain, antaranya:

i) Mafhum hadis sahih (Bukhari dan Muslim) iaitu hadis yang melarang berpuasa sehari atau dua hari sebelum Ramadhan. Ertinya jika lebih daripada dua hari, maka ia tidak dilarang. Maka menunjukkan puasa selepas 15 Syaaban diharuskan.

ii) Hadis Aisyah yang mengatakan Nabi berpuasa hampir keseluruhan Syaaban. Dalam hadis Bukhari dan Muslim, kata Aisyah: “Bahawa Rasulullah SAW berpuasa Syaaban keseluruhannya. Iaitu baginda berpuasa Syaaban kecuali sedikit”. Ini menunjukkan bahawa baginda berpuasa walaupun selepas 15 Syaaban.

Kesimpulan

- Mereka yang cenderung mengatakan hadis larangan puasa selepas 15 Syaaban adalah sahih, maka hukumnya makruh berpuasa kecuali ada kelaziman puasa.

- Mereka yang cenderung kepada mendhaifkan hadis tersebut -dan ia lebih tepat- hukum berpuasa adalah harus, tidak ada sebarang larangan samada haram atau makruh.
Wallahu A’lam.

Amalan di bulan Syaaban

Tentang Kesahihan Amalan Dan Fadilat Syaaban

Soalan: al-Fadil Dr Asri yang dikasihi, sekarang kita berada dalam Bulan Syaaban. Apakah amalan yang patut kita lakukan. Saya dengar macam-macam pendapat. Ada kata banyak amalan Bulan Syaaban yang dibuat orang itu tidak ada dalil. Contohnya malam Nisfu Syaaban. Ada kata palsu. Ada kata memang ada dalil. Saya baca di internet pun macam-macam pandangan. Saya ingin beramal dengan amalan yang betul. Bolehkah Dr Asri huraikan?

Anisah, Bangi.

Jawapan Dr MAZA: Saudari Anisah yang dikasihi, sikap saudari yang ingin memastikan ketepatan amalan amat dipuji. Agama ini bukan diikuti tanpa dipastikan kesahihan, atau diikuti tanpa faham. Agama berpaksikan dalil yang diiktiraf. Sesuatu yang tidak berasaskan sumber yang sah iaitu al-Quran dan hadis-hadis yang sabit (authentic) tidak boleh disandarkan kepada Islam. Dalam masa yang sama, tidaklah pula kita mudah menafikan sesuatu perkara dengan menyatakan ia bukan dari ajaran Islam, sebelum kita benar-benar pasti memang tidak wujud dalil dalam hal tersebut. Mengenai soalan saudari, saya jawab berdasarkan perkara-perkara berikut;

1. Hadis-hadis yang berhubung kelebihan atau amalan pada Bulan Syaaban, ada yang sabit dan ada yang tidak. Bahkan terdapat juga amalan-amalan Bulan Syaaban yang diamalkan oleh sesetengah masyarakat itu, hanya ikutan yang tidak mempunyai apa-apa sumber. Ini seperti amalan sesetengah masyarakat yang membuat juadah khas Bulan Sya’ban dan seumpamanya. Banyak buku-buku yang dijual tentang kelebihan Rejab dan Syaaban itu tidak berasaskan hadis-hadis yang sahih.

2. Dalam sejarah ilmu hadis, ramai pemalsu hadis memang gemar membuat hadis-hadis palsu yang berkaitan dengan fadilat-fadilat. Ini seperti mereka mengada-adakan fadilat-fadilat bulan tertentu, surah tertentu dan seumpamanya. Mereka akan mengaitkannya pula dengan amalan tertentu seperti solat khusus, doa khusus, puasa khusus pada hari atau bulan yang dikaitkan dengan fadilat itu. Sebab itulah al-Imam Ibn al-Salah ( meninggal 643H) menyebut:

“Ada beberapa golongan yang membuat hadis palsu, yang paling bahaya ialah puak yang menyandarkan diri mereka kepada zuhud (golongan sufi). Mereka ini membuat hadis palsu dengan dakwaan untuk mendapatkan pahala. Maka orang ramai pun menerima pendustaan mereka atas thiqah (kepercayaan) dan kecenderungan kepada mereka. Kemudian bangkitlah tokoh-tokoh hadis mendedahkan keburukan mereka ini dan menghapuskannya. AlhamdulilLah”.( Ibn al-Salah, `Ulum al-Hadis, m.s. 99, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-Mu`asir).

3. Antara hadis palsu yang direka mengenai bulan-bulan:

“Rejab bulan Allah, Syaaban bulanku dan Ramadhan bulan umatku”. Ini adalah hadis palsu yang direka oleh Ibn Jahdam (meninggal 414H) (lihat: Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, al-Manar al-Munif fi al-Sahih wa al-Dha`if, m.s. 95, Halab: Maktab al-Matbu`at al-Islamiyyah).

Beliau adalah seorang guru sufi di Mekah. Dia juga dituduh membuat hadis palsu mengenai solat Raghaib iaitu solat pada jumaat pertama bulan Rejab( lihat: al-Imam al-Zahabi, Mizan al-`Itidal fi Naqd al-Rijal,. 5/173, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-`Ilmiyyah).

Kata al-Imam Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah (wafat 751H):

“Hadis-hadis mengenai solat Raghaib pada jumaat pertama bulan Rejab kesemuanya itu adalah palsu dan dusta ke atas Rasulullah s.a.w. Begitu juga semua hadis mengenai puasa bulan Rejab dan solat pada malam-malam tertentu adalah dusta ke atas Nabi s.a.w. Demikian juga hadis-hadis mengenai solat pada malam Nisfu Syaaban (kesemuanya adalah palsu). Solat-solat ini direka selepas empat ratus tahun munculnya Islam”. (Ibn al-Qayyim, al-Manar al-Munif, m.s. 95-98).

4. Namun tidak boleh dinafikan bahawa di sana juga terdapat hadis-hadis yang sahih mengenai kelebihan Bulan Sya’ban. Antaranya apabila bertanya Usamah bin Zaid Nabi s.a.w mengapa baginda banyak berpuasa pada Bulan Syaaban, Nabi s.a.w menjawab:

“Syaaban antara Rejab dan Ramadan, manusia lalai mengenainya. Padanya (Bulan Syaaban) diangkat amalan hamba-hamba Allah. Aku suka tidak diangkat amalanku, melainkan aku dalam keadaan berpuasa” (Riwayat al-Nasai, dinilai hasan oleh al-Albani dalam Silsilah al-Sahihah 4/522).

Aisyah r.aha juga menyebut:

“Aku tidak pernah melihat Rasulullah s.a.w berpuasa dalam bulan lain lebih daripada puasa Syaaban. Baginda pernah berpuasa Syaaban sepenuhnya, kecuali hanya beberapa hari (tidak puasa)” (Riwayat al-Bukhari dan Muslim).

5. Hadis-hadis yang disebut di atas dan riwayat-riwayat yang lain menunjukkan kita amat digalakkan berpuasa sunat pada Bulan Syaaban. Perbuatan berpuasa pada Bulan Syaaban adalah sunnah yang sabit daripada Nabi s.a.w. Amalan sebahagian masyarakat yang suka berpuasa pada Bulan Syaaban adalah amalan soleh.

6. Adapun Nisfu Syaaban, atau pertengahan Syaaban (15 haribulan), terdapat hadis yang sahih tentang kelebihannya di samping banyak hadis palsu mengenainya. Juga tidak terdapat hadis yang sabit mengenai amalan khusus seperti solat khas pada malam tersebut. Kata al-Imam al-Nawawi (meninggal 676H) dalam kitabnya yang masyhur al-Majmu’ Syarh al-Muhazzab:

“Solat yang dikenali dengan solat al-Raghaib iaitu dua belas rakaat ditunaikan antara Maghrib dan Isyak pada Jumaat pertama Bulan Rejab, juga Solat Malam Nisfu Syaaban sebanyak seratus rakaat; kedua-dua solat ini bidah lagi mungkar yang jelek. Jangan kamu terpengaruh disebabkan keduanya disebut dalam Kitab Qut al-Qulub dan Ihya ‘Ulum al-Din. Jangan juga terpengaruh dengan hadis yang disebut dalam dua kitab berkenaan kerana kesemuanya palsu. Jangan kamu terpengaruh dengan sesetengah imam yang keliru mengenai kedudukan hadis-hadis kedua solat berkenaan” (4/56. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr).

Al-Imam al-Syaukani (meninggal 1250H) menyebut dalam al-Fawaid al-Majmu’ah fi al-Ahadith al-Maudu’ah:

“Telah diriwayatkan mengenai solat malam Nisfu Syaaban dari pelbagai riwayat, kesemuanya batil lagi palsu” (ms 72. Mekah: Maktabah Mustafa Baz).

7. Pun begitu tidak dinafikan ada hadis yang sahih Nabi s.a.w menyebut:

“Allah melihat kepada hamba-hambaNya pada malam nisfu Syaaban, maka Dia ampuni semua hamba-hambaNya kecuali musyrik (orang yang syirik) dan yang bermusuh (orang benci membenci) (Riwayat Ibn Hibban, al-Bazzar dan lain-lain. Al-Albani menilai sahih dalam Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Sahihah 3/135).

Maka, sewajarnya apabila hal ini diberitahu oleh Nabi s.a.w, maka kita melakukan amalan-amalan yang soleh pada malam berkenaan dan mengelakkan apa yang Allah benci. Syirik dan permusuhan antara muslim adalah sebab seseorang itu tidak diampunkan. Selain itu dua dosa tersebut, mudah-mudahan kita semua diampunkan.

8. Dr Yusuf al-Qaradawi ada mengulas tentang amalan malam Nisfu Syaaban dengan katanya:

“Tidak pernah diriwayatkan daripada Nabi s.a.w. dan para sahabat bahawa mereka berhimpun di masjid untuk menghidupkan malam nisfu Syaaban, membaca doa tertentu dan solat tertentu seperti yang kita lihat pada sebahagian negeri orang Islam. Bahkan di sebahagian negeri, orang ramai berhimpun pada malam tersebut selepas maghrib di masjid. Mereka membaca surah Yasin dan solat dua raka`at dengan niat panjang umur, dua rakaat yang lain pula dengan niat tidak bergantung kepada manusia, kemudian mereka membaca do`a yang tidak pernah dipetik dari golongan salaf (para sahabah, tabi`in dan tabi’ tabi`in). Ianya satu doa yang panjang, yang menyanggahi nas-nas (al-Quran dan Sunnah) serta bercanggahan dan bertentangan pula isi kandungannya…perhimpunan (malam nisfu Syaaban) seperti yang kita lihat dan dengar yang berlaku di sebahagian negeri orang Islam adalah bidah dan diada-adakan. Sepatutnya kita melakukan ibadat sekadar yang dinyatakan dalam nas. Segala kebaikan itu ialah mengikut salaf, segala keburukan itu ialah bidah golongan selepas mereka, dan setiap yang diadakan-adakan itu bidah, dan setiap yang bidah itu sesat dan setiap yang sesat itu dalam neraka” (Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Fatawa Mu`asarah, 1/382-383, Beirut: Dar Uli al-Nuha, Beirut).

9. Namun begitu, janganlah kita terlalu cepat menghukum. Apa yang disebut oleh Dr al-Qaradawi itu adalah kaedah umum. Sesuatu masyarakat atau seseorang individu mungkin mempunyai keuzuran yang tersendiri. Kemungkinan mereka tidak tahu, atau mereka dihalang ilmu untuk sampai kepada mereka dan seumpamanya. Kemungkinan besar jika mereka tahu, mereka tidak akan melakukan hal yang demikian. Tujuan mereka baik, cuma cara sahaja yang wajar dibaiki. Galakan berdoa dan memohon keampunan pada malam Nisfu Syaaban ada asasnya. Penentuan cara sedemikian itu, tidak ditunjukkan oleh nas yang sahih.

Puasa di bulan Rejab

Disini saya mengeluarkan pendapat2 para ulama berkenaan dengan Kelebihan puasa dibulan rejab yang di uar-uarkan...Semua kenyataan ini disertakan dengan sumber2 nya agar semua para pembaca dapat membuat rujukan.....Diharap artikel ini dapat memberikan kita kesedaran didalam mengamalkan sesuatu ibadah dalam agama Islam..sekian.

Shaikh Yusuf al-Qaradhawi:

a) Fadilat Rejab adalah sama dengan fadilat bulan-bulan haram yang lain. Beliau berkata:[4]

Tidaklah ada kesahihan (fadilat-fadilat) di dalam bulan Rejab, melainkan ia merupakan salah satu daripada bulan-bulan haram yang disebut oleh Allah di dalam kitabnya (surah al-Taubah, ayat 36), iaitu Rejab, Zulqaedah, Zulhijah dan Muharram....Inilah bulan-bulan yang mempunyai fadilat. Tidak terdapat hadis sahih bahawa yang mengkhususkan Rejab sebagai bulan yang yang memiliki keutamaan.

b) Hadis-Hadis mengenai fadilat Rejab kebanyakannya adalah dha‘if dan maudhu’. Shaikh al-Qaradhawi menyambung:

Hadis ini dimaklumi sebagai sebuah hadis fadilat Rejab: “Rejab bulan Allah. Sya'ban bulanku dan Ramadhan bulan umatku", namun hadis ini mungkar dan sangat dha‘if, bahkan sebahagian besar ulama' mengatakan hadis ini maudhu’, yakni dusta. Maka tidak ada baginya nilai saintifik mahupun agama. Selain itu terdapat juga hadis-hadis fadilat Rejab yang menerangkan sesiapa bersolat sekian-sekian maka dia mendapat ganjaran sekian-sekian, sesiapa beristighfar sekali maka baginya sekian-sekian ganjaran…..semua ini adalah satu pelampauan dan pendustaan. Malah termasuk isyarat bahawa sesuatu hadis adalah dusta adalah bahawa ianya bersifat melampau dan berlebih-lebihan. Berkata para ilmuan, janji mendapatkan ganjaran yang besar terhadap amalan yang biasa atau azab yang berat untuk kesalahan yang ringan termasuk isyarat bahawa hadis tersebut adalah dusta.

c) Oleh itu, lanjut Shaikh al-Qaradhawi, kita sebagai orang Islam wajib mengetahui darjat hadis yang didengar atau dibaca. Tidak boleh bersikap remeh dalam hal ini kerana sudah sedia terdapat buku-buku di pasaran yang menerangkan sumber dan darjat hadis, berbanding buku-buku yang hanya mengemukakan hadis tanpa menerangkan sumber dan darjatnya.

Shaikh al-Sayid Saabiq:

Shaikh al-Sayid Sabiq dalam karyanya yang masyhur, Fiqh al-Sunnah menyebut:[5]

Puasa Rejab, bukanlah ada padanya fadilat yang melebihi bulan-bulan lain melainkan sesungguhnya ia daripada bulan-bulan Haram.

Ini bermaksud bahawa bulan-bulan haram semuanya memiliki fadilat yang sama darjatnya.

Bagaimana cara sebenar untuk beramal di dalam bulan Rejab?

Apabila ditanya, selain bulan Ramadhan, bulan apakah yang afdal untuk berpuasa, Shaikh Mutawalli al-Sya’rawi menjawab dengan mengemukakan sebuah hadis daripada ‘Ali bin Abi Thalib radhiallahu 'anh, bahawa seorang lelaki bertanya kepada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam:[6]

Wahai Rasulullah! Apakah bulan yang engkau perintahkanku berpuasa selepas Ramadhan?” Rasulullah menjawab: “Jika kamu ingin berpuasa selepas Ramadhan, maka berpuasalah pada bulan Haram kerana sesungguhnya ia adalah bulan Allah dan padanya terdapat satu hari yang terima taubat daripada satu kaum dan diampunkan padanya kaum (yang lain).”

Berdasarkan hadis ini, dianjurkan berpuasa sunat pada bulan-bulan Haram tanpa dikhususkan kepada bulan Rejab sahaja.

Shaikh Abdul Aziz bin Baz, mufti besar Arab Saudi pernah juga dikemukakan soalan yang seumpama. Beliau menjawab:[7]

Dari sudut syara’, dibolehkan berpuasa (sunat) pada bulan Muharam dan demikian juga bulan Sya’ban. Adapun berpuasa pada 10 hb Zulhijjah, tidak ada dalil ke atasnya, akan tetapi jika seseorang ingin berpuasa tanpa beriktikad bahawa ia adalah puasa yang khusus, ia tidak mengapa. Adapun bulan Allah al-Haram, Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pernah bersabda: “Sebaik-baik puasa selepas puasa Ramadhan ialah puasa pada bulan Allah al-Haram.” Maka apabila berpuasa pada bulan-bulan tersebut maka ia adalah baik, atau berpuasa pada 9, 10, 11 hb itu adalah baik juga, demikian juga dibolehkan berpuasa pada bulan Sya’ban.

Shaikh Yusuf al-Qaradhawi menulis:[8]

Berpuasa di dalam bulan Haram adalah maqbul (diterima) dan mustahab (sunat hukumnya). Akan tetapi tidaklah diriwayatkan daripada Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bahawa baginda berpuasa pada keseluruhan bulan-bulan Haram tersebut. Baginda hanya berpuasa penuh satu bulan (yakni) dalam bulan Ramadhan. Selain itu baginda banyak berpuasa pada bulan Sya’ban tetapi tidak berpuasa sepenuhnya dalam bulan tersebut. Inilah sunnah Nabawiyah.

Pada bulan-bulan yang lain (selain Ramadhan dan Sya’ban), baginda berpuasa dan berbuka sehingga dikatakan oleh para sahabat dalam sebuah riwayat: “Baginda berpuasa sehingga kami mengatakan beliau tidak berbuka, baginda berbuka sehingga kami mengatakan beliau tidak berpuasa.” (Riwayat al-Bukhari, Muslim dan Abu Daud). Maka apa yang dilakukan oleh sebahagian manusia dengan berpuasa pada bulan Rejab seluruhnya sebagaimana yang kita lihat sebelum ini, malah aku telah lihat sebahagian manusia berpuasa pada bulan Rejab, Sya'ban, Ramadhan dan 6 hari di dalam bulan Syawal dan menamakannya "Al-Ayam Al-Baidh" selepas berbuka, (lalu) mereka membuat satu perayaan pada hari ke 8 bulan Syawal. Hasil dari puasa ini ialah 3 bulan dan 6 hari saling secara berterusan. Mereka hanya akan berbuka apabila tiba Hari Id (1 Syawal). Amalan seperti ini tidak datang daripada Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam mahupun para sahabat dan generasi al-Salaf al-Salih (generasi awal umat Islam).

Maka sebaik-baik puasa (sunat) ialah puasa sehari dan berbuka sehari, bukan berterusan di dalam berpuasa. Setiap kebaikan ialah pada mengikuti generasi awal dan setiap keburukan ialah pada rekaan generasi terkemudian. Barangsiapa yang ingin mengikut dan memperoleh ganjaran yang sempurna, maka ikutlah Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam dengan tidak berpuasa pada bulan Rejab dan Syaban seluruhnya. Inilah sebaik-baik (bentuk puasa sunat). Wa Billahi Tawfiq.[9]

Kesimpulan

1. Hadis-Hadis keutamaan (fadilat) bulan Rejab kebanyakannya adalah dha‘if (lemah) dan maudhu’ (palsu). Berterusan menyampaikan hadis-hadis ini adalah satu bentuk pendustaan terhadap Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam.[10]

2. Kita dilarang mengkhususkan hari atau malam tertentu melainkan jika pengkhususan tersebut berasal daripada Allah (al-Qur’an) dan Rasul-Nya (hadis-hadis yang sahih).

3. Tidak ditemui dalil bahawa bulan Rejab memiliki fadilat yang khusus, yang ada cuma fadilat umum keempat-empat bulan haram.

4. Demikian juga, tidak ditemui dalil bagi melakukan solat, puasa, zikir, ziarah kubur dan sebagainya yang khusus bersempena bulan Rejab.

_____________________________________

Nota Kaki:

[1] Budiman Radzi - Fazilat bulan Rejab, Sya'ban dan Ramadzan. Alor Setar: Muzakkir Enterprise, 1990.

[2] Tafsir al-Jalalain. Harf.com. (URL: http://quran.al-islam.com/arb/Default.asp)

[3] Fatwa IslamOnline - Fadilat Rejab.

(URL: http://www.islamonline.net/fatwa/arabic/FatwaDisplay.asp?hFatwaID=10249)

[4] Fatwa IslamOnline - Kesahihan Fadilat Rejab.

(URL : http://www.islamonline.net/fatwa/arabic/FatwaDisplay.asp?hFatwaID=1308)

[5] Fiqh al-Sunnah (Beirut: Al-Fath Lil'alam Al-Arabi, 1995. Cetakan khas dari manar Al-Dauliyah), jld. 1, ms. 596.

[6] Al-Fatawa (Kaherah: Dar Al-Fath Lil-A'lam Al-Arabi, 2000), ms. 371

Sanad hadis ini dha‘if, rujuk Musnad Ahmad yang disemak oleh Shaikh Syu‘aib al-Arna’uth dan rakan-rakan, hadis no: 1322 (Musnad ‘Ali bin Abi Thalib). Walaubagaimana ia memiliki penguat daripada apa yang diriwayatkan oleh Imam Muslim di dalam Sahihnya, hadis no: 1163 (Kitab Puasa, Bab Keutamaan Puasa pada bulan Haram) daripada Abu Hurairah radhiallahu 'anh, maksudnya: “Sebaik-baik puasa selepas puasa Ramadhan ialah puasa pada bulan Allah al-Haram.” (Hafiz Firdaus)

[7] Majmu' Fatawa (Riyadh: Dar Al-Watan, 1996) ms. 269

[8] Fatwa IslamOnline - Puasa Rejab

(URL: http://www.islamonline.net/fatwa/arabic/FatwaDisplay.asp?hFatwaID=1310)

[9] Untuk memudahkan kefahaman para pembaca, orang-orang yang berpuasa pada bulan Rejab boleh dikategorikan kepada beberapa kumpulan:

1. Mereka yang memperbanyakkan puasa sunat pada bulan-bulan Haram, iaitu bulan Zulkaedah, Zulhijjah, Muharam dan Rejab tanpa melakukannya secara berterusan. Ini adalah sunnah.

2. Mereka yang berpuasa sunat Isnin, Khamis dan sebagainya dalam bulan Rejab. Mereka berpuasa sunat bukan kerana fadilat Rejab tetapi kerana hadis-hadis yang menganjurkan puasa sunat pada hari Isnin dan Khamis. Ini adalah sunnah.

3. Mereka yang berpuasa sunat dalam keseluruhan bulan Rejab kerana fadilat Rejab. Ini bukanlah sunnah.

4. Mereka yang berpuasa secara berterusan daripada bulan Rejab, Syaban, Ramadhan dan enam hari bulan Syawal. Mereka tidak berhenti kecuali pada 1 Syawal. Ini bukanlah sunnah.

5. Mereka yang melarang apa-apa bentuk puasa sunat dalam bulan Rejab. Ini tidak benar. Boleh berpuasa sunat dalam bulan Rejab sebagaimana yang disebut dalam kategori pertama dan kedua di atas. Yang dilarang ialah puasa sunat kerana fadilat Rejab.

6. Mereka yang mengqadha puasa Ramadhan yang lepas dalam bulan Rejab. Ini dibolehkan selagi mana dia tidak beriktikad adalah lebih utama untuk mengqadha dalam bulan Rejab kerana fadilat-fadilatnya. (Hafiz Firdaus).

[10] Kenapakah ia satu bentuk pendustaan? Rujuk risalah berikutnya berjudul Hadis Dha‘if: Hukum dan Syarat Pengamalannya.

Dipetik dari

Oleh:Aljohori
www.ibnuyusofaljohori.blogspot.com

Timeline of the Tunisian Revolution end of 2010

December 17: Mohammed Bouazizi, an 26-year-old man trying to support his family by selling fruits and vegetables in the central town of Sidi Bouzid, douses himself in paint thinner and sets himself on fire in front of a local municipal office. Police had confiscated his produce cart because he lacked a permit and beat him up when he resisted. Local officials then refused his hear his complaint. He is taken to a hospital near Tunis for treatment of his third-degree burns. Bouazizi's act of desperation highlights the public's boiling frustration over living standards, police violence, rampant unemployment, and a lack of human rights. The protests begin in Sidi Bouzid that same day. They quickly spread across the region, then the country. December 20: Mohamed Al Nouri Al Juwayni , the Tunisian development minister, travels to Sidi Bouzid to announce a new $10 million employment programme. Protests continue unabated. December 22: Houcine Falhi, a 22-year-old, commits suicide by electrocuting himself in the midst of another demonstration over unemployment in Sidi Bouzid after shouting "No to misery, no to unemployment!" December 24: Mohamed Ammari, an 18-year-old protester, is shot and killed by police during violent demonstrations in the central town of Menzel Bouzaiene. Chawki Belhoussine El Hadri , a 44-year-old man, is among those shot by police at the same protest. Hundreds of protesters rally in front of the Tunisian labour union headquarters over rampant unemployment, clashing with Tunisian security forces in the central towns of al-Ragab and Miknassi. Skirmishes break out when security forces stage overnight crackdown campaigns. December 25: Rallies spread to Kairouan, Sfax and Ben Guerdane. An interior ministry spokesperson says police were forced to "shoot in self-defence" after warning shots failed to disperse scores of protesters who were setting police cars and buildings ablaze. December 27: Police and demonstrators scuffle as 1,000 Tunisians hold a rally in Tunis, the capital, calling for jobs in a show of solidarity with those protesting in poorer regions. Demonstrations also break out in Sousse. December 28: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, the country's president, warns in a national television broadcast that protests are unacceptable and will have a negative impact on the economy. Ben Ali criticises the "use of violence in the streets by a minority of extremists" and says the law will be applied "in all firmness" to punish protesters. The Tunisian Federation of Labour Unions (UGTT by its French acronym) holds another rally in Gafsa province, which is squashed by security forces. At the same time, about 300 lawyers hold a rally near the government's palace in Tunis in solidarity with protesters. Lawyers march in several other cities as well. The governors of Sidi Bouzid, Jendouba, and Zaghouan provinces are dismissed for unspecified reasons related to the uprising, according to the Pana news agency. The Tunisian ministers of communication, trade and handicrafts, and religious affairs are all sacked for reasons related to the uprising, the Arabiya news channel reports. Abderrahman Ayedi, a prominent Tunisian lawyer, is allegedly tortured by police after they arrest him for protesting. December 29: Security forces peacefully break up a demonstration in the northeastern city of Monastir but allegedly use violence in the town of Sbikha. There are also reports of police brutality in the town of Chebba, where one protester is hospitalised. Nessma TV, a private news channel, becomes the first major Tunisian media outlet to cover the protests, after 12 days of demonstrations. December 30: Chawki Belhoussine El Hadri, shot by police six days earlier, dies of his injuries. France's Socialist Party condemns the "brutal repression" of the protesters, calling for lawyers and demonstrators to be released, and calls on the French government to speak out. December 31: Lawyers across Tunisia respond to a call to assemble in protest over the arrested lawyers and in solidarity with the people of Sidi Bouzid. Authorities react to the protests with force, and lawyers tell Al Jazeera they were "savagely beaten". January 2: The cyberactivist group "Anonymous" announces Operation Tunisia in solidarity with the protests by striking a number of Tunisian government websites with "direct denial of service" attacks, flooding them with traffic and temporarily shutting them down. Several online activists tell Al Jazeera that their email and Facebook accounts were hacked. January 3: About 250 demonstrators, mostly students, stage a peaceful march in the city of Thala. The protest turns violent after police try to stop it by firing tear gas canisters. At least nine protesters are reportedly injured. In response, protesters set fire to tyres and attack the local offices of the ruling party. January 4: The Tunisian Bar Association announces a general strike to be staged on January 6 in protest over attacks by security forces against its members. January 5: Mohamed Bouazizi, who launched the uprising by setting himself on fire two and a half weeks earlier, dies of self-inflicted burns. A funeral is later held for him in Sidi Bouzid, his hometown. January 6: Reports suggest that 95 per cent of Tunisia's 8,000 lawyers launch a strike, demanding an end to police brutality against peaceful protesters. January 7: Authorities arrest a group of bloggers, journalists, activists and a rap singer in a crackdown on dissent. January 8-12: At least six protesters are reportedly killed and six others wounded in clashes with police in Thala, a provincial town near the border with Algeria. Another three people were killed in similar clashes in the town of Kasserine. In Thala, witnesses said police fired their weapons after using water cannons to try to disperse a crowd which had set fire to a government building. The crowd has also thrown stones and petrol bombs at police. Snipers carry out a series of massacres in Kasserine and Thala, violence which shocks Tunisians across the country,laying the seeds for the uprising to become a genuinely nationwide phenomenom. January 13: The Paris-based International Federation for Human Rights tallies 66 deaths since the protests began, and sources tell Al Jazeera that at least 13 people were killed in the previous two days. The government's official toll stands at 23, after three and a half weeks of clashes. Later, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Tunisia's president, makes a televised address, announcing unprecedented concessions and vowing not to seek re-election in 2014. He pledges to introduce more freedoms into society,institute widespread reforms and investigate the killings of protesters during demonstrations. Some formerly blocked or banned websites become accessible. January 14: Ben Ali imposes a state of emergency and fires the country's government amid violent clashes between protesters and security forces. He promises fresh legislative elections within six months in an attempt to quell mass dissent. State media reports that gatherings of more than three people have been banned and "arms will be used if orders of security forces are not heeded." That night, reports fly that the army has seized control of Tunisia's main airport and closed the country's airspace. Though members of his extended family are reportedly arrested, Ben Ali manages to leave country by plane. Mohammed Ghannouchi, the prime minister, appears on state television to announce that he is assuming the role of interim president under chapter 56 of the Tunisian constitution. Ben Ali reportedly flies first toward Malta, then Paris, before finally turning around toward the Gulf, where he lands in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. French media report that Nicolas Sarkozy, the French president, refused to allow Ben Ali to land in his country. January 15: Saudi Arabia officially announces that it is hosting Ben Ali and his family for an unspecified period of time. The constitutional court, Tunisia's highest legal authority on constitutional issues, rules that Fouad Mebazaa, the speaker of parliament, should be interim president, not Ghannouchi. Mebazaa tasks Ghannouchi with forming a new coalition government. The power vacuum left by the departure of Ben Ali is exploited by looters and violent gangs, who ransack grocery stores and expensive manors belonging to the old regime, witnesses say. Residents in several parts of Tunis say that groups were prowling through neighbourhoods at night setting fire to buildings and attacking people and property, with no police in sight. January 16: Tension and uncertainty grip Tunisia as military forces attempt to restore order. Imed Trabelsi, a nephew of Ben Ali's wife, reportedly dies in a military hospital in Tunis. He would have been the first person in the president's extended family to have died as a result of the uprising, but the Reuters news agency later reports on January 21 that Trabelsi has actually been arrested. Salim Shayboub, Ben Ali's son-in-law, is also reportedly arrested. Rafik Belhaj, Tunisia's former interior minister and the man many held responsible for a police crackdown on protesters, is arrested and held in his home town of Beja in the north of the country. WikiLeaks releases a four-part series of US diplomatic cables that shows the United States knew about the extent of corruption and discontent in Tunisia and chose to support Ben Ali regardless. January 17: Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi says he regrets the fall of Ben Ali, which has left the country in "chaos with no end in sight." Tunisia's prime minister promises to announce a new coalition government, hoping to maintain the momentum of political progress to ward off fresh protests and also undercut gunmen loyal to the ousted president. Ghannouchi also announces widespread reforms, promising press freedom, the lifting of a ban on human rights groups operating in Tunisia, and the release of political prisoners. A new government is announced, but includes several Ben Ali loyalists in key posts - including the defence, interior and foreign ministers - and few opposition members in lesser positions. Exiled opposition leaders cry foul, saying they've been sidelined in the new "unity" government, which favours members of the old guard. January 18: Unhappy with the lineup of the new government, Tunisians take to the streets in protest. Other opposition ministers threaten to quit, saying they do not want to be in a government with members of Ben Ali's former ruling party, the Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD). Ghannouchi and Mebazaa resign from the RCD in a bid to placate protesters. January 19: The Swiss government orders a freeze on all funds held by Ben Ali in Switzerland, Micheline Calmy-Rey, the country's foreign minister said. At the same time, prosecutors in Tunisia open an inquiry into the assets of Ben Ali and his extended family, the official TAP news agency reported. Speaking to Al Jazeera in his first public remarks since the uprising, Gordon Gray, the US ambassador to Tunisia, calls the movement a "work in progress" and a "new phenomenon." The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said the United Nations plans to send a team of human rights officials to Tunisia to look into weeks of violence and advise the new coalition government. January 20: All ministers in the interim government quit Ben Ali's RCD party but remain in their cabinet posts. The central committee of RCD is dissolved, as many of the ministers were also committee members. January 21: The first of a three-day period of national mourning sees protesters gather peacefully throughout the day in Tunis. They demand the dissolution of the new government as they honour those who who died in the unrest of previous weeks. In an effort to dampen the anger, Ghannouchi pledges to quit politics after legislative and presidential elections that he says will be held as soon as possible. January 22: Thousands of protesters take to the streets yet again, continuing to ask for the removal of all RCD members from the interim government. Around 2,000 police officers join the civilian protesters, calling for better working conditions and a new union and complaining about their association with Ben Ali's repressive regime. Protesters break through barricades at the prime minister's office, but no violence is reported. The army and the justice department are ordered to preserve any documents and evidence that can be gathered so the old government can be implicated throughout the investigation. Rachid Ghannouchi, the leader of the formerly banned Islamist al-Nahda (Reinaissance) party and no relation to the prime minister, is still not allowed to return to Tunisia until a 1991 prison sentence is lifted. January 23: As the third and final day of national mourning begins, protesters are again expected to take to the streets, after former RCD government ministers showed no signs of resigning. Hundreds of Tunisians defy a nighttime curfew and travel hundreds of kilometres in what they call a "Liberation caravan" to join protesters in the country's capital, where anger at the interim government continues to grow. The country's state news agency reports that allies of Ben Ali - Abdelaziz bin Dhia, Ben Ali's spokesman and chief adviser, and Abdallah Qallal, a former interior minister and head of Tunisia's appointed upper parliamentary house - have been placed under house arrest. The agency also reports that police are searching for Abdelwahhab Abdalla, Ben Ali's political adviser, who has disappeared and that Larbi Nasra, the owner of Hannibal TV and his son have been arrested on suspicion of "treason" for working on Ben Ali's return from Saudi Arabia (where the deposed president currently is currently in exile). Nasra, the agency reports, is related to Ben Ali's wife, Leila, and is accused of "using the channel to ... create a constitutional vacuum, ruin stability and take the country into a vortex of violence that will bring back the dictatorship of the former president." January 24: Politicians are negotiating the creation of a council to oversee the interim government. Its task would be to protect the "Jasmine" revolution that toppled Ben Ali. January 26: Clashes break out near government offices in the old city, or casbah, where riot police fire teargas at hundreds of demonstrators. The Tunisian General Labour Union holds a general strike in Sfax, Tunisia's second city and economic centre, and thousands demand that the government resign. Tunisia asked Interpol to help arrest ousted president Ben Ali and his family so they can be tried for theft and currency offences, the nation's interim justice minister said. January 27: Tunisia's foreign minister, Kamel Morjane, announces his resignation. The prime minister later announces a reshuffle of the cabinet, dropping key ministers from the criticised government of ousted president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. February 1: Snipers carry out a series of massacres in Kasserine and Thala, violence which shocks Tunisians across the country, laying the seeds for the uprising to become a genuinely nationwide phenomenon A UN investigative panel reports that at least 219 people were killed during the uprising again Ben Ali, a figure it says is likely to rise. Another 510 Tunisians were injured, according to Bacre Waly Ndiaye.

The Egyptian Chronology

January 2011: Activists in Egypt call for an uprising in their own country, to protest against poverty, unemployment, government corruption and the rule of president Hosni Mubarak, who has been in power for three decades. January 25: On a national holiday to commemorate the police forces, Egyptians take to the streets in large numbers, calling it a "day of rage". Thousands march in downtown Cairo, heading towards the offices of the ruling National Democratic Party, as well as the foreign ministry and the state television. Similar protests are reported in other towns across the country. After a few hours of relative calm, police and demonstrators clash; police fired tear gas and use water cannons against demonstrators crying out "Down with Mubarak'' in Cairo's main Tahrir Square. Protests break out in the Mediterranean city of Alexandria, the Nile Delta cities of Mansura and Tanta and in the southern cities of Aswan and Assiut, witnesses say. Hours after the countrywide protests began, the interior ministry issues a statement blaming the Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt's technically banned but largest opposition party, for fomenting the unrest - a claim that the Muslim Brotherhood denies. Egypt protest organisers heavily relied on social media outlets such as Facebook and Twitter. Egypt's interior minister says three protesters and a police officer have been killed during the anti-government demonstrations. January 26: A protester and a police officer are killed in central Cairo as anti-government demonstrators pelt security forces with rocks and firebombs for a second day, according to witnesses. Police use tear gas, water cannons and batons to disperse protesters in Cairo. Witnesses say that live ammunition was also fired into the air. In Suez, the scene of bloody clashes the previous day, police and protesters clash again. Medical personnel in Suez say that 55 protesters and 15 police officers have been injured. Robert Gibbs, a spokesman for Barack Obama, the US president, tells reporters that the government should "demonstrate its responsiveness to the people of Egypt" by recognising their "universal rights". Amr Moussa, the secretary general of the Arab League, says he believes "the Arab citizen is angry, is frustrated". January 27: Mohamed ElBaradei, the former head of the UN nuclear watchdog turned democracy advocate, arrives in Egypt to join the protests. ElBaradei says he is ready to "lead the transition" in Egypt if asked. Meanwhile, protests continue across several cities. Hundreds have been arrested, but the protesters say they will not give up until their demand is met. Protesters clash with police in Cairo neighbourhoods. Violence also erupts in the city of Suez again, while in the northern Sinai area of Sheikh Zuweid, several hundred bedouins and police exchange live gunfire, killing a 17-year-old man. In Ismailia, hundreds of protesters clash with police. Lawyers stage protests in the Mediterranean port city of Alexandria and the Nile Delta town of Toukh, north of Cairo. Facebook, Twitter and Blackberry Messenger services are disrupted. January 28: Internet and mobile phone text message users in Egypt report major disruption to services as the country prepared for a new wave of protests after Friday prayers. The Associated Press news agency says an elite special counterterrorism force has been deployed at strategic points around Cairo in the hours before the planned protests. Egypt's interior ministry also warns of "decisive measures". Meanwhile, a lawyer for the opposition Muslim Brotherhood says that 20 members of the officially banned group have been detained overnight. Egypt remains on edge, as police and protesters clash throughout the country. Eleven civilians get killed in Suez and 170 injured. No deaths were reported in Cairo. At least 1,030 people get injured countrywide. The riots continue throughout the night, even as Mubarak announces that he dismisses his government. Mubarak himself refuses to step down. His whereabouts are unknown. January 29: Egyptian soldiers secure Cairo's famed antiquities museum early on Saturday, protecting thousands of priceless artifacts, including the gold mask of King Tutankhamun, from looters. The greatest threat to the Egyptian Museum, which draws millions of tourists a year, appears to come from the fire engulfing the ruling party headquarters next door on Friday night, set ablaze by anti-government protesters. Thousands of anti-government protesters in Cairo's Tahrir Square stand their ground, despite troops firing into the air in a bid to disperse them. Hosni Mubarak has for the first time during his three decades in power appointed a vice-president. The man now second-in-command is Omar Suleiman, the country's former spy chief, who has been working closely with Mubarak during most of his reign. Al Jazeera's sources have indicated that the military has now also been deployed to the resort town of Sharm el Sheikh. Al Jazeera's correspondent in the city of Suez said the city had witnessed a "completely chaotic night", but that the streets were quiet as day broke. In a statement released in Berlin on Saturday, the leaders of Britain, France and Germany said they were "deeply worried about the events in Egypt". The Gulf Co-operation Council, a loose economic and political bloc of states in the Gulf, said on Sunday that it wanted a "stable Egypt". The US embassy in Cairo has advised all Americans currently in Egypt to consider leaving as soon as possible, given the unrest. The UK authorities have advised against all but essential travel to the country for its citizens. January 30: Thousands of anti-government protesters in Cairo's Tahrir Square stand their ground, despite troops firing into the air in a bid to disperse them. Hosni Mubarak has for the first time during his three decades in power appointed a vice-president. The man now second-in-command is Omar Suleiman, the country's former spy chief, who has been working closely with Mubarak during most of his reign. Turkey has announced that it is sending aircraft to evacuate its citizens, after the US embassy in Cairo has advised all Americans currently in Egypt to consider leaving as soon as possible. January 31: President Hosni Mubarak still refuses to step down, amid growing calls for his resignation. Protesters continue to defy the military-imposed curfew. Thousands remain gathered in Cairo's Tahrir Square and hundreds have marched through Alexandria. Internet access across Egypt is still shoddy according to most reports. Egypt's new vice-president has promised dialogue in order to push through constitutional reforms. Protesters remain camped out in Tahrir Square from a variety of political and demographic groups. The White House says that the Egyptian government must engage with its people to resolve current unrest. Obama's spokesperson, Robert Gibbs, says the crisis in Egypt "is not about appointments, it's about actions ... They have to address freedoms that the people of Egypt seek". Opposition groups continue to call for a "million man march" and a general strike on Tuesday to commemorate one week since the protest movement began. Meanwhile, the military reiterates that it will not attempt to hurt protesters. As 250,000 gather around Cairo's Tahrir Square on Monday, President Mubarak asks his new prime minister, Ahmed Shafiq, to start talks with the opposition. The EU calls for free and fair elections in Egypt. Worldwide investors continue withdrawing significant capital from Egypt amid rising unrest. Mubarak names his new cabinet on state television, among them, Mahmoud Wagdi, sworn in as the new interior minister. Egypt releases the six Al Jazeera journalists who were arrested in the Egyptian capital, Cairo. Egyptian film star Omar Sharif, known for his role in Lawrence of Arabia, has added his voice to those calling for Hosni Mubarak to step down, Reuters reports. Former US president Jimmy Carter calls the unrest in Egypt an "earth-shaking event", and says he guesses Hosni Mubarak "will have to leave", the US Ledger-Enquirer reports. Israel urges the world to tone down Mubarak criticism amid Egypt unrest to preserve stability in the region, the Haaretz newspaper reports, citing senior Israeli officials. President Mubarak tells his new prime minister, Ahmad Shafiq to keep government subsidies and cut prices. Al Jazeera says its broadcast signal across the Arab region is facing interference on a scale it has not experienced before. February 1: Hosni Mubarak announces in a televised address that he will not run for re-election but refuses to step down from office - the central demand of millions of protesters who have demonstrated across Egypt over the past week. Mubarak promised reforms to the constitution, particularly Article 76, which makes it virtually impossible for independent candidates to run for office. And he said his government would focus on improving the economy and providing jobs. Mohamed ElBaradei, the Egyptian opposition figure who returned to Cairo to take part in the protests, said Mubarak's pledge not to stand again for the presidency was an act of deception. Abdelhalim Kandil, leader of Egypt's Kifaya (Enough) opposition movement, says Mubarak's offer not to serve a sixth term as Head of State was not enough. US President Barack Obama in a speech at the White House praised the Egyptian military for their patriotism and for allowing peaceful demonstrations. He said that only the Egyptian people can determine their leaders. Shortly after his speech, clashes broke out between pro-Mubarak and anti-government protesters in the Mediterranean city of Alexandria, Al Jazeera's correspondent reported. Khalid Abdel Nasser, son of the former Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, too joined the protest in Tahrir Square. Motaz Salah Al Deen, spokesman for Egypt's opposition Al Wafd Party, says a self-described "new national coalition for change" has been formed. Number of protesters in Cairo's Tahrir square revised to more than a million people. Thousands more took to the streets throughout Egypt, including in Alexandria and Suez. February 2: Preparations begin for another day of demonstrations against President Hosni Mubarak's regime. The army with tanks are still deployed throughout different positions in and around the square. Google improves its speak2tweet technology for the people in Egypt. The Los Angeles Times reports that the Boston entrepreneur Hadid Habbab has called for volunteers to help find his missing friend, Google executive Wael Ghonim, who went missing during the protests of the past week. Clashes between anti-government and pro-Mubarak protesters in Alexandria. Internet services were at least partially restored in Cairo after a five-day blackout aimed at stymieing protests against Hosni Mubarak's regime. Egypt's newly appointed vice-president has said that anti-government protests must stop before dialogue can begin with opposition groups. Violent clashes raged for much of Wednesday around Tahrir Square in central Cairo. Up to 1,500 people were injured, some of them seriously, and by the day's end at least three deaths were reported by the Reuters news agency quoting officials. Pro-democracy protesters said the military allowed thousands of pro-Mubarak supporters, armed with sticks and knives, to enter the square on Wednesday. February 3: Bursts of heavy gunfire early on Thursday aimed at anti-government demonstrators in Cairo's Tahrir [Liberation] Square, left at least five people dead and several more wounded, according to reports from Cairo. Sustained bursts of automatic weapons fire and powerful single shots began at around around 4am local time (0200GMT) and went on for more than an hour. February 4: Hundreds of thousands of anti-government protesters gather in Cairo's Tahrir Square for what they have termed the "Day of Departure". Chants urging Hosni Mubarak to leave reverberate across the square, as the country enters its eleventh day of unrest and mass demonstrations. February 5: Thousands remain inside Tahrir Square fear an approaching attempt by the military to evacuate the square. Differing reports of how many have died in the last 11 days of protests and clashes surface. The Egyptian health minister says 11 people have died, while the United Nations says 300 people may have been killed across the country since protests began. News agencies have counted more than 150 dead in morgues in Alexandria, Suez and Cairo. Reuters quotes Egyptian state TV as saying "terrorists" have targeted an Israel-Egypt gas pipeline in northern Sinai. The leadership of Egypt's ruling National Democratic Party resigns, including Gamal Mubarak, the son of Hosni Mubarak. The new secretary general of the party is Hossam Badrawi, seen as a member of the liberal wing of the party. February 6: The Muslim Brotherhood says in a statement that it "has decided to participate in a dialogue round in order to understand how serious the officials are in dealing with the demands of the people". Banks officially re-opened for 3.5 hours, and traffic police were back on the streets in Cairo, in attempts to get the capital to start returning to normal. Al Jazeera correspondent Ayman Mohyeldin is detained by the Egyptian military. He is released seven hours later, following a concerted appeal by the network and Mohyeldin's supporters. Protests continue in Tahrir Square; there are reports of gunshots fired by the army into the air near the cordon set up inside the barricades, near Egyptian museum. Leaked US diplomatic cables suggest Omar Suleiman, the Egyptian vice president, long sought to demonise the opposition Muslim Brotherhood in his contacts with skeptical US officials. Reports that Hillary Clinton, the US secretary of state, spoke with Egyptian prime minister Ahmed Shafik (on February 5), emphasising the need to ensure the legitimate aspirations of the Egyptian people are met, also stressing that incidents of harassment and detention of activists and journalists must stop. February 7: Thousands were camping out in Tahrir Square, refusing to budge. While banks have reopened, schools and the stock exhange remain closed. A symbolic funeral procession was held for journalist Ahmed Mahmoud, shot as he filmed the clashes between protesters and riot police from his Cairo office. Protesters are demanding an investigation into the cause of his death. Egypt's government approved a 15 per cent raise in salaries and pensions in a bid to appease the angry masses. Wael Ghonim, a Google executive and political activist arrested by state authorities, is released; some see him as a potential figurehead for the pro-democracy camp. February 8: Protesters continue to gather at Tahrir Square, which now resembles a tented camp. Protesters in the capital also gathered to protest outside parliament. The city sees possibly the biggest crowd of demonstrators, including Egyptians who have returned from abroad and other newcomers mobilised by the release of activist Wael Ghonim. Omar Suleiman, the Egyptian vice-president, warned that his government "can't put up with continued protests" for a long time. Separately, Suleiman also announced a slew of constitutional and legislative reforms, to be undertaken by yet to be formed committees. Ban Ki-moon, the UN chief, said genuine dialogue was needed to end the current crisis, adding that a peaceful transition was crucial. February 9: Labour unions join protesters in the street, with some of them calling for Mubarak to step down while others simply call for better pay. Masssive strikes start rolling throughout the country. Famous Arab pop star Tamer Hosni visits Tahrir Square, but protesters are unimpressed and angered. Hosni previously made statements telling the demonstrators to leave the square, saying that Mubarak had offered them concessions. Thirty-four political prisoners, including members of the Muslim Brotherhood, were released on Tuesday, according to Egyptian state television. Human Rights Watch says that 302 people have been killed since the start of Egypt's pro-democracy uprising last month. Based on visits to a number of hospitals in Egypt, the organisation said that records show the death toll has reached 232 in Cairo, 52 in Alexandria and 18 in Suez. Attributing the information to Egyptian security officials, Reuters reports that several protesters suffered gunshot wounds and one was killed when 3,000 protesters took to the streets in Wadi al-Jadid, where clashes from the previous nights carried over to the early hours. Citing medics, AFP news agency reports five were dead and 100 are wounded in the clashes that have been going on for two days. Ahmed Aboul Ghiet, Egypt's foreign minister, tells al-Arabiya network on Wednesday that the Egyptian army could step in to protect "protect the country from an attempt by some adventurers to take power". And in an interview with American public broadcaster PBS, Aboul Ghiet said that he was "infuriated" by the US's initial response to the unrest in the country, and that he found the Obama administration's advice on political transition "not at all" helpful." February 10: The newly appointed Culture Minister, Gaber Asfour, quits. His family says it's due to health reasons but Egypt's main daily newspaper al-Ahram says Asfour, who is also a writer, was criticised by his literary colleagues for taking the post. He was the only new face in the new cabinet. The Egyptian prime minister forms a committee that will gather evidence on "the illegitimate practices" that resulted from the events of recent weeks. The committee will receive reports from citizens and civil society organizations and then present a report to the public prosecutor. The criminal court in Egypt has endorsed the decision of banning three former ministers from leaving the country and the government has also frozen their assets. The security chief for the Egyptian city of Wadi al-Jadid (New Valley) is sacked and the police captain who ordered police to shoot at protesters is arrested and will be tried. Amid rumours that he will be stepping down tonight, Mubarak gives a televised speech he says is "from the heart", in which he repeats his promise to not run in the next presidential elections and to "continue to shoulder" his responsibilties in the "peaceful transition" that he says will take place in September. Protesters in central Cairo's Tahrir Square react with fury on Thursday when Mubarak says he's remaining in power until September. Protesters wave their shoes in the air, and demand the army join them in revolt. February 11: After tens of thousands people take to the streets across Egypt in angry protests, Hosni Mubarak resigns as president and hands over power to the army. The announcement was made by Omar Suleiman, the vice-president, just after 16:00 GMT. Earlier in the day, masses of protesters had descended on the state television building in Cairo and the presidential palace in Heliopolis, as well as in Tahrir Square, which had become the heart of the pro-democracy movement.

Source: Al Jazeera and agencies